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Ch20: Organic Devices

来源:sdevice_ug.pdf 第 20 章(W-2024.09) 🔨 进行中

20.1 有机器件仿真简介

本章介绍 Sentaurus Device 中可用的有机模型。

有机材料中的电传导过程与晶格半导体不同。然而,半导体输运理论中的类似概念可以用于处理有机材料中的传导过程。

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有机材料或半导体由分子链形成,载流子(电子和空穴)的主要传输通过跳跃过程进行。有机材料中的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)和最高已占分子轨道(HOMO)能级分别类似于导带和价带。此外,需要考虑激子,因为这些束缚电子-空穴对有助于电子和空穴分布。陷阱也是有机传输的核心,需要适当考虑。

因此,需要半导体模型和有机物理模型的组合才能在 Sentaurus Device 框架内合理地模拟有机器件的物理传输过程。典型的有机器件仿真需要以下模型:

• 陷阱模型必须用适当的捕获截面和密度初始化(见第 572 页的第 17 章)。

• 使用 Langevin 双分子复合模型来模拟载流子的复合过程和单线态激子的产生过程(见第 567 页的双分子复合模型)。

• 引入单线态激子方程来模拟单线态激子的扩散过程、双分子复合产生的过程、衰减的损失和有机材料中的光学发射。只有 Frenkel 激子(存在于同一分子上的电子-空穴对)参与有机材料中的光学过程(见第 313 页的单线态激子方程)。

有机器件仿真器基于 Kozłowski [1] 的工作,其他有用的论文见 [2]–[10]。

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表 123 有机器件传输常用缩写

表 123 列出了描述有机器件层和传输机制的常用缩写。

缩写定义
EBL电子阻挡层(Electron blocking layer)
EML发射层(Emission layer)
ETL电子传输层(Electron transport layer)
HOMO最高已占分子轨道(Highest occupied molecular orbital)
HTL空穴传输层(Hole transport layer)
LUMO最低未占分子轨道(Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital)
SCL空间电荷受限(Space charge limited)
TCL陷阱电荷受限(Trapped charge limited)
TSL热激发光致发光(Thermally stimulated luminescence)

参考文献

[1] F. Kozłowski, Numerical simulation and optimisation of organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, PhD thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, 2005.

[2] S.-H. Chang et al., "Numerical simulation of optical and electronic properties for multilayer organic light-emitting diodes and its application in engineering education," in Proceedings of SPIE, Light-Emitting Diodes: Research, Manufacturing, and Applications X, vol. 6134, pp. 26-1–26-10, 2006.

[3] P. E. Burrows et al., "Relationship between electroluminescence and current transport in organic heterojunction light-emitting devices," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 7991–8006, 1996.

[4] M. Hoffmann and Z. G. Soos, "Optical absorption spectra of the Holstein molecular crystal for weak and intermediate electronic coupling," Physical Review B, vol. 66, no. 2, p. 024305, 2002.

[5] J. Staudigel et al., "A quantitative numerical model of multilayer vapor-deposited organic light emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 86, no. 7, pp. 3895–3910, 1999.

[6] E. Tutiš et al., "Numerical model for organic light-emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 430–439, 2001.

[7] B. Ruhstaller et al., "Simulating Electronic and Optical Processes in Multilayer Organic Light-Emitting Devices," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 723–731, 2003.

[8] B. Ruhstaller et al., "Transient and steady-state behavior of space charges in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 4575–4586, 2001.

[9] A. B. Walker, A. Kambili, and S. J. Martin, "Electrical transport modelling in organic electroluminescent devices," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 14, no. 42, pp. 9825–9876, 2002.

[10] S. Odermatt, N. Ketter, and B. Witzigmann, "Luminescence and absorption analysis of undoped organic materials," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, p. 221107, May 2007.

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