Appearance
Ch20: Organic Devices
来源:
sdevice_ug.pdf第 20 章(W-2024.09) 🔨 进行中
20.1 有机器件仿真简介
本章介绍 Sentaurus Device 中可用的有机模型。
有机材料中的电传导过程与晶格半导体不同。然而,半导体输运理论中的类似概念可以用于处理有机材料中的传导过程。
第 1 页 (PDF p680)
有机材料或半导体由分子链形成,载流子(电子和空穴)的主要传输通过跳跃过程进行。有机材料中的最低未占分子轨道(LUMO)和最高已占分子轨道(HOMO)能级分别类似于导带和价带。此外,需要考虑激子,因为这些束缚电子-空穴对有助于电子和空穴分布。陷阱也是有机传输的核心,需要适当考虑。
因此,需要半导体模型和有机物理模型的组合才能在 Sentaurus Device 框架内合理地模拟有机器件的物理传输过程。典型的有机器件仿真需要以下模型:
• 陷阱模型必须用适当的捕获截面和密度初始化(见第 572 页的第 17 章)。
• 使用 Langevin 双分子复合模型来模拟载流子的复合过程和单线态激子的产生过程(见第 567 页的双分子复合模型)。
• 引入单线态激子方程来模拟单线态激子的扩散过程、双分子复合产生的过程、衰减的损失和有机材料中的光学发射。只有 Frenkel 激子(存在于同一分子上的电子-空穴对)参与有机材料中的光学过程(见第 313 页的单线态激子方程)。
有机器件仿真器基于 Kozłowski [1] 的工作,其他有用的论文见 [2]–[10]。
第 2 页 (PDF p681)
表 123 有机器件传输常用缩写
表 123 列出了描述有机器件层和传输机制的常用缩写。
| 缩写 | 定义 |
|---|---|
| EBL | 电子阻挡层(Electron blocking layer) |
| EML | 发射层(Emission layer) |
| ETL | 电子传输层(Electron transport layer) |
| HOMO | 最高已占分子轨道(Highest occupied molecular orbital) |
| HTL | 空穴传输层(Hole transport layer) |
| LUMO | 最低未占分子轨道(Lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) |
| SCL | 空间电荷受限(Space charge limited) |
| TCL | 陷阱电荷受限(Trapped charge limited) |
| TSL | 热激发光致发光(Thermally stimulated luminescence) |
参考文献
[1] F. Kozłowski, Numerical simulation and optimisation of organic light emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells, PhD thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, 2005.
[2] S.-H. Chang et al., "Numerical simulation of optical and electronic properties for multilayer organic light-emitting diodes and its application in engineering education," in Proceedings of SPIE, Light-Emitting Diodes: Research, Manufacturing, and Applications X, vol. 6134, pp. 26-1–26-10, 2006.
[3] P. E. Burrows et al., "Relationship between electroluminescence and current transport in organic heterojunction light-emitting devices," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 79, no. 10, pp. 7991–8006, 1996.
[4] M. Hoffmann and Z. G. Soos, "Optical absorption spectra of the Holstein molecular crystal for weak and intermediate electronic coupling," Physical Review B, vol. 66, no. 2, p. 024305, 2002.
[5] J. Staudigel et al., "A quantitative numerical model of multilayer vapor-deposited organic light emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 86, no. 7, pp. 3895–3910, 1999.
[6] E. Tutiš et al., "Numerical model for organic light-emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 430–439, 2001.
[7] B. Ruhstaller et al., "Simulating Electronic and Optical Processes in Multilayer Organic Light-Emitting Devices," IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 723–731, 2003.
[8] B. Ruhstaller et al., "Transient and steady-state behavior of space charges in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes," Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 89, no. 8, pp. 4575–4586, 2001.
[9] A. B. Walker, A. Kambili, and S. J. Martin, "Electrical transport modelling in organic electroluminescent devices," Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, vol. 14, no. 42, pp. 9825–9876, 2002.
[10] S. Odermatt, N. Ketter, and B. Witzigmann, "Luminescence and absorption analysis of undoped organic materials," Applied Physics Letters, vol. 90, p. 221107, May 2007.